Conclusion

Thus, deforestation is an important issue to be discussed. It has adverse effects on each living beings' life. Deforestation has become a huge concern in today's life as there has been a rise in the decline of forests. Trees are cut down in order to manufacture paper products as well as for livestock farming and so on.

In order to feed the ever increasing population of the Earth, trees and forests are converted to farm lands. This has become a threat to the world and it has been seen that rates of decline in the forests are increasing at a rapid rate. This has led the planet to warm up and leading to high temperatures. This cycle would continue for the following years to come unless necessary steps are taken to prevent deforestation. Deforestation has caused fewer trees to grow. It has also gone a long way in eliminating valuable ecosystems in the planet.

If major steps towards afforestation are not taken, then even the great adaptability of human beings may not be enough to cope up with the harsh climate of the future. Deforestation does have solutions. It's just that the people must step forward. The safe keeping of our precious planet lies with each and every member of its human population. We are the ones accountable for our actions even though it is ourselves we are accountable too.

Current situation of forest areas

The current situation of natural resources as well as the forest resources is very critical. Deforestation is done at almost every places in the world.

The Asian region makes up about 1/4 of earth's land area, but holds almost 60% of the world's population. Tremendous population pressures throughout the region have contributed to the region's substantial forest loss. Additionally, many Asian-countries have entered a period of sustained spectacular economic growth in the past few years, resulting in the increased consumption of forest resources.

Deforestation in South America has become a major problem though the continent maintains a high percentage of the earth's ecosystem. The growing degradation is alarming. The forests including the biggest tropical rain forest, Amazon rain forest are being deforested. This a growing threat to the wildlife.

North American deforestation activity is increasing since the past century. There are however many reasons for this, such being economical political and social causes.Deforestation in Australia is increasing by every passing second. The biggest causes of deforestation are people needs from the forests. To fulfill their needs they cut, burn and destroy trees and forests. Some of the needs are urbanization, paper and etc. There are four aspects of the Australian circumstance are outlines; Ecological, Historical, economic and Political.

Europe has a vast amount of deforested area. Hungary , Romania , The U.K, Austria , Ireland , Scotland , Russia , Finland , and Poland are all deforested countries in Europe . The UK is one of the least forested countries of Europe . The average European country has 24% of its land area covered by forests.

Also this deforestation creates an effect at the Atlantica and Antartica causing global warming. so, present situation must be controlled and scientific steps must be carried out.

Remedial measures

The deforestation has affected our lives in a haphazard manner, thus it is very essential for us to find the solution of this problem. This problems should be discussed among the people and the solutions must be found out in every places. Deforestation and forest degradation have seriously reduced the availability of sources for our basic requirements and contributed to soil erosion and fertility loss, damaged ecosystems, degraded watersheds and other adverse environmental effects. To improve the management of forests includes, adoption of a national level use plan based appropriate resources use in different agro-ecological zones, formulation of national energy policy that emphasizes increased energy use efficiency and development of alternative resources, better intergration of related sectors and greater participation of local communities and private sector.

A forest program both at government and local levels should be lunched on wider scale. Community forest programs should be implemented under the management and supervision of local communities in order to ensure the fulfillment of local needs with local endeavor.

Facilities should be provided to the private sectors to undertake tree plantation in their land holding. Technical assitstance and improved impute must be made available. Modern techniques for pest control management should be adapted to save the forest without changing the equilibrium of the nature.

Agro-forestry on marginal and sub-marginal farmland and strip plantation along roadside and canal-side should be done. Alternative sources of energy should be used. Herbal farming should be extended for increasing the production of herbs. Public awareness programs should be lunched.

If these actions are carried out effectively, the basic needs of peple could be met easily and ecological security such as protection against erosions, pollution of water and air availability of desired habitat for wildlife. Besides education awareness campaign must be carried out from time to time at the places where the population of illiterated are high so that paticipation would increase in afforestation and laws, rules and regulations should be implemented.

Steps that are been taken

The rate of deforestation between 1978 and 1989 is high. In the early1990s, the situation improved and the area deforested is 11,200 km square. However, by mid 1990s, the area has shot up again to 29,052 km square. By 1996, the area decreased by 40% and in 1997, the decreasing trend continued to 13,037 km square.

The causes to the deforestation problems are related to the social and economic growth of the region. Due to the growing need for food, there is an increasing demand for arable land. As a result, forests are cleared for agriculture. This was made easier with reduction in land values, availability of technology and a demanding market.It is estimated that ten trees are cut down for every one tree planted in the world today.

But nowadays in some part of the world, awareness about deforestation is spreaded. Thus, activities and actions are carried out to prevent destruction of forest. Many countries are carrying out campaigns and programs regarding prevention of desertification. Indeed, environmentalists and forestry advocates have been reminding people and governments to immediately act on the problem regarding continued deforestation practices all around the world. The significant contribution we could do is to help curtail the demand for products that are reliant on deforestation.

There are industries that are focused at recycling paper. Old and used paper would just be processed and turned into new paper products. If the practice becomes wide-scaled, the number of trees that has to be cut down would be reduced. Thus, actions are being taken to uplift afforestation and prevent deforestation.

Deforestation could be slowed down. To do this, trees could be cut at slower rates. For each cut tree, a new one should be replanted. By that, logging activities would not be entirely scrapped, and at the same time, forests are renewed.

Disadvantages of deforestation

Deforestation is largely done in the underdeveloped countries where there is lack of knowledge and where people are not aware about the consequences of deforestation. So the people of these nations are badly affected by the deforestation. This picture is an example of effect done by deforestation.

Deforestation indirectly leads to natural calamities like floods and landslides. As the trees help to prevent heavy flow of water, it helps to stop the flood but in the absence of trees that is uncontrollable, so people must face such disastrous effects. People's lives, properties and habitat are destroyed. Nature is very strong. It can provide us with shelter and on the other hand it can also destroy it. So it is very necessary to take prevention and decrease activities like deforestation.

Also, in the absence of trees, there will be lack of fresh air , the greenhouse willl get destroyed. It effects the ozone layer and let the UV rays to hit on the earth and also cause global warming. Ans along with that the ecological balance will get disturbed. We humans will have to face with the highest temparature. And existence of wildlife is a strong possibility of deforestation. Deforestation is destroying our world.

Lack of oxygen will give rise to different diseases. Deforestation is a threaten to the humanity. So, we must control deforestation in order to save our existence.

Consequences of deforestation

Deforestation is a very serious matter that can cause a lot of problems so obviously the deforestation's impact would be very bad. It has become a major problem in the world, a serious topic to be talked about, creating lots of obstacles. If it is not controlled in time, it will result in number of adverse effects.

The roots of the trees bind the soil so that the soil does not create any problems but in the absence of forests soil erosion will take place and so will flood and landslides as there will be nothing to save the humanity from them. It will result to decrease in fertility, it impoverishes the fertility of soil. The ecological balance will be hampered and get imbalanced. There will be shortage of forest production.

It will be a great to the wildlife and their habitat because the forest is their home. It will also result in shortage of fodder and grazing lands. Diminishment of forest is a signal of natural disaster.

Deforestation also invites dirty spells by reducing rainfall and reduces water supply in wells, springs, streams etc. The forest based industries will have to be closed if the deforestation is done in a higher level. thus it has many aggresive and bad effects on our life.

Causes of deforestation

There are several causes of deforestation. Since we consider trees as our one of the main source of basic requirements, there are a number of causes behind exploiting the forest resources. The main cause of deforestation can be taken as the people's hesitation for taking steps regarding it.

Causes of deforestation can be explained from different point of views. The high population growth rate resuts in deforestation. Since the needs will increase directly with the increase in the population, the exploitation of forest will also increase according to the demands. Increase in population need more space, wood, cultivation etc. Also, people migrate to the places with more facilities so people cut down the forest for the purpose of settlements.

Forest is a source of fuel. It provides firewood and hydropower. People who are deprived of job oppurtunities follow cutting down of forest, hunting and earning money as an occupation. Illiterated people do not have an knowledge about the concept of forest, it's importance and it's consequences. Thus, they unknowingly cause deforestation.

Demand of raw materials from different industries and factories is also the cause of deforestation. Deffective policies and lack of rules and regulations can also be considered as a cause of declination of forest. Other reasons like ineffective implementation of forest development programs, insufficient preservation program, etc are the causes of deforestation.